Mahatma Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948)
- Brief biography: Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist.
- Key achievements: Led India to independence through non-violent civil disobedience.
- Historical context: Indian independence movement, global anti-colonial struggles.
- Impact: Inspired civil rights movements worldwide.
- Notable quote: “Be the change you wish to see in the world.”
- Legacy: Symbol of non-violent resistance and Indian independence.
John Lennon (October 9, 1940 – December 8, 1980)
- Brief biography: English singer, songwriter, and peace activist. Co-founder of the Beatles.
- Key achievements: Helped shape popular music in the 1960s as part of the Beatles.
- Historical context: 1960s counterculture, Vietnam War era.
- Impact: Influenced popular music and culture, promoted peace activism.
- Notable work: “Imagine,” numerous Beatles songs.
- Legacy: Continues to be a cultural icon and symbol of peace.
Eleanor Roosevelt (October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962)
- Brief biography: American political figure, diplomat, and activist. Longest-serving First Lady of the United States.
- Key achievements: Chaired the UN Commission on Human Rights, helped draft the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- Historical context: Great Depression, World War II, early United Nations.
- Impact: Redefined the role of the First Lady, advocated for civil rights and women’s rights.
- Notable quote: “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.”
- Legacy: Continues to inspire human rights activists and women in politics.
Pablo Picasso (October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973)
- Brief biography: Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer.
- Key achievements: Co-founded Cubist movement, produced over 147,000 artworks.
- Historical context: Modernist art movement, World Wars I and II.
- Impact: Revolutionized Western art, one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.
- Notable work: “Guernica,” “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.”
- Legacy: His artistic innovations continue to influence modern and contemporary art.
Alfred Nobel (October 21, 1833 – December 10, 1896)
- Brief biography: Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist.
- Key achievements: Inventor of dynamite, established the Nobel Prizes.
- Historical context: Industrial Revolution, rise of modern science and technology.
- Impact: His will established the Nobel Prizes, among the most prestigious international awards.
- Notable work: Invention of dynamite and other explosives.
- Legacy: The Nobel Prizes continue to recognize outstanding achievements in various fields annually.